{"id":21912,"date":"2023-08-11T14:53:30","date_gmt":"2023-08-11T11:53:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fractory.com\/?p=21912"},"modified":"2024-01-26T13:09:21","modified_gmt":"2024-01-26T11:09:21","slug":"knurling-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fractory.com\/knurling-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"Knurling Explained &#8211; What Is it, Methods &#038; Applications"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Knurling is a post-finishing process wherein a textured pattern is created on the surface of a workpiece.<\/p>\n<p>Early knurling processes were performed by hand, but the introduction of <a href=\"https:\/\/fractory.com\/cnc-milling-vs-cnc-turning-difference\/\">turning and milling machines<\/a> has made it possible to create more precise and complex designs.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s discuss how knurling works, its methods, and its applications.<\/p>\n<h2>What Is Knurling?<\/h2>\n<p>Knurling is a manufacturing process that deforms a workpiece, or a section of it, to achieve a rough patterned surface. It is mostly performed on round or cylindrical parts, but in some cases, is performed on flat surfaces as well.<\/p>\n<p>The patterns are created by cutting or forming the surface material. Different patterns require various knurling tools to achieve the desired appearance that fits the application and material.<\/p>\n<p>Knurling patterns include a combination of vertical, horizontal, or angled lines. The most common patterns include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Straight<\/strong> &#8211; composed of horizontal or vertical lines.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Diagonal<\/strong> &#8211; straight lines either sloped to the right or left (usually at 30\u00b0).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Diamond<\/strong> &#8211; a combination of right and left-sloped lines to the workpiece.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Other knurling patterns include square, beveled, concave, and convex knurls.<\/p>\n<p>Knurls also have types based on their location:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Band<\/strong> &#8211; across a certain area of the workpiece.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Full <\/strong>&#8211; the whole surface area is knurled.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Internal <\/strong>&#8211; knurling on the internal diameter.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Face\/Milling<\/strong> &#8211; on the flat surface of the workpiece.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Tapper<\/strong> &#8211; conical knurl at the end of the workpiece.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n    <div class=\"shortcode-enhanced-cta\">\n        <div class=\"shortcode-enhanced-cta__content\">\n            <span class=\"v2-section-title v2-section-title--md\">Scale Your Manufacturing from Prototyping to Series<\/span>\n\n            <ul class=\"shortcode-enhanced-cta-list\">\n                                                            <li>\n                                                            <div class=\"shortcode-icon\">\n                                    <svg width=\"100%\" height=\"100%\" viewBox=\"0 0 33 32\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n<path d=\"M16.4933 23.3059C21.7413 23.3059 25.9956 19.0515 25.9956 13.8036C25.9956 8.55559 21.7413 4.30127 16.4933 4.30127C11.2453 4.30127 6.991 8.55559 6.991 13.8036C6.991 19.0515 11.2453 23.3059 16.4933 23.3059Z\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M1.16917 30.3724C1.35654 28.4452 2.49414 26.7455 4.20723 25.8488L11.5682 21.9542\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M21.4318 21.9542L28.7928 25.8488C30.5058 26.7588 31.6434 28.4586 31.8308 30.3724\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M12.8798 18.7956H6.10769C4.24738 18.7956 2.74843 17.2967 2.74843 15.4364V12.2243\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M8.28921 9.02567H3.97971C3.29715 9.02567 2.74843 9.57439 2.74843 10.2569V14.2185C2.74843 14.901 3.29715 15.4498 3.97971 15.4498H7.13822\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M24.7108 9.02567H28.7928C29.4753 9.02567 30.024 9.57439 30.024 10.2569V14.2185C30.024 14.901 29.4753 15.4498 28.7928 15.4498H25.8484\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" 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30.9905L19.1847 32.0138C19.4375 32.2305 19.8348 32.0981 19.895 31.773L20.5451 28.679\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M26.9981 26.7046L29.3698 30.0876C29.5625 30.3645 29.3698 30.7497 29.0448 30.7738L26.8055 30.9303C26.7092 30.9303 26.6129 30.9785 26.5406 31.0507L25.5294 31.9897C25.2765 32.2185 24.8792 32.0861 24.807 31.761L24.1569 28.691\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M14.7062 24.7181H3.91912C2.59481 24.7181 1.51129 23.6466 1.51129 22.3103V3.73391C1.51129 2.4096 2.58277 1.32608 3.91912 1.32608H22.5075C23.8318 1.32608 24.9154 2.39756 24.9154 3.73391V11.3186\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M15.4646 1.32608H10.9379V9.81366H15.4646V1.32608Z\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n             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11.2636H18.0618\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M6.22453 17.019H10.4299\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M24.5182 25.63C29.2739 25.63 33.1292 21.7747 33.1292 17.019C33.1292 12.2633 29.2739 8.40808 24.5182 8.40808C19.7625 8.40808 15.9072 12.2633 15.9072 17.019C15.9072 21.7747 19.7625 25.63 24.5182 25.63Z\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n<path d=\"M24.5182 11.0967V17.019L27.7519 20.2528\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n                                <\/div>\n                            \n                                                            <span>Payment terms for companies<\/span>\n                                                    <\/li>\n                                                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               <\/li>\n                                                                                    <\/ul>\n\n            <a class=\"c-button c-button--sm\" href=\"https:\/\/app.fractory.com\/quotes\/new\">Get a quote<\/a>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"shortcode-enhanced-cta__media\">\n                            <video class=\"shortcode-video\" autoplay loop muted playsinline>\n                    <source src=\"https:\/\/fractory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/homepage-vid-v2.mp4\" type=\"video\/mp4\">\n                <\/video>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<h2>Knurling Applications &#8211; When Is Knurling Used?<\/h2>\n<p>Most people have encountered knurled surfaces in gyms on barbell bars or when playing darts, for example.<\/p>\n<p>But knurling has countless applications beyond these examples that are utilised across various industries such as manufacturing, jewellery, electronics, repair, and art.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Manufacturing<\/strong> &#8211; Knurling components add ridges that enhance the surface friction of the material. The ridges in these components allow for improving the linkage of assemblies. Some applications include tool handles, pistons, <a href=\"https:\/\/fractory.com\/types-of-fasteners\/\">nuts and bolts<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Consumer electronics<\/strong> &#8211; Small knobs and dials which are common in home appliances add functionality, better grip, and aesthetic looks.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Jewellery and arts<\/strong> &#8211; Attractive knurling designs have made their way to decorative patterns, wedding rings, bands, and even common household materials.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Repair<\/strong> &#8211; The rolled-in knurled surface has raised areas surrounding the depressed areas which can make up for <a href=\"https:\/\/fractory.com\/mechanical-corrosive-adhesive-material-wear\/\">wear on the part<\/a>. Thus, knurling is sometimes used as a repair method but it&#8217;s not as common nowadays as sourcing spare parts might be the cheaper option. It was quite common for worn-out piston cylinders to be knurled for further operation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Which Materials Can Be Knurled?<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Metal <\/strong>&#8211; common metals include <a href=\"https:\/\/fractory.com\/what-is-mild-steel\/\">mild steel<\/a>, aluminium, brass, <a href=\"https:\/\/fractory.com\/what-is-stainless-steel\/\">stainless steel<\/a>, etc. Harder metals are more difficult to indent and are thus generally machine knurled.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Plastic<\/strong> &#8211; the process of knurling plastics requires a more delicate approach since the material has a lower heat resistance and is much more susceptible to failure.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>Wood<\/strong> &#8211; wood can be knurled but the process isn&#8217;t as simple as it is for <a href=\"https:\/\/fractory.com\/types-of-metal\/\">various metals<\/a>. Knurling really only works for hard woods and is limited to simple patterns with checkering being the most common method.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Knurling Process<\/h2>\n<div class=\"arve arve-hover-effect-darken\" data-mode=\"lazyload\" data-oembed=\"1\" data-provider=\"youtube\" id=\"arve-youtube-eespbxvumoe\" style=\"max-width:900px;\" data-reset-after-played data-fullscreen=\"disabled\">\n<div class=\"arve-inner\">\n<div class=\"arve-embed arve-embed--has-aspect-ratio\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 500 \/ 281\">\n<span class=\"arve-ar\" style=\"padding-top:56.200000%\"><\/span><noscript class=\"arve-noscript\"><iframe credentialless referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allow=\"accelerometer &#039;none&#039;;ambient-light-sensor &#039;none&#039;;autoplay;battery &#039;none&#039;;bluetooth &#039;none&#039;;browsing-topics &#039;none&#039;;camera &#039;none&#039;;ch-ua &#039;none&#039;;clipboard-read &#039;none&#039;;clipboard-write;display-capture 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data-arve=\"arve-youtube-eespbxvumoe\" data-src-no-ap=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/EEspbXVuMOE?start=245&amp;feature=oembed&amp;iv_load_policy=3&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;rel=0&amp;autohide=1&amp;playsinline=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"505.8\" name sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-presentation allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/EEspbXVuMOE?start=245&#038;feature=oembed&#038;iv_load_policy=3&#038;modestbranding=1&#038;rel=0&#038;autohide=1&#038;playsinline=0&#038;autoplay=1&#038;enablejsapi=1\" width=\"900\" title=\"Knurling on a CNC Lathe\" loading=\"eager\"><\/iframe>\n<\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Knurling on a CNC Lathe\" src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi_webp\/EEspbXVuMOE\/hqdefault.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi_webp\/EEspbXVuMOE\/mqdefault.webp 320w, https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi_webp\/EEspbXVuMOE\/hqdefault.webp 480w, https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi_webp\/EEspbXVuMOE\/sddefault.webp 640w, https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi_webp\/EEspbXVuMOE\/hq720.webp 1280w, https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi_webp\/EEspbXVuMOE\/maxresdefault.webp 1920w\" class=\"arve-thumbnail\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" loading=\"lazy\">\n<h5 class=\"arve-title\">\nKnurling on a CNC Lathe\n<\/h5>\n<button role=\"button\" type=\"button\" class=\"arve-play-btn arve-play-btn--youtube\" data-target=\"#arve-youtube-eespbxvumoe\" aria-label=\"Play video: Knurling on a CNC Lathe\">\n<svg class=\"arve-play-svg arve-play-svg--youtube\" focusable=\"false\" aria-hidden=\"true\" width=\"68\" viewBox=\"0 0 68 48\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n\t<path fill=\"#1f1f1e\" fill-opacity=\"0.81\" d=\"m .66,37.62 c 0,0 .66,4.70 2.70,6.77 2.58,2.71 5.98,2.63 7.49,2.91 5.43,.52 23.10,.68 23.12,.68 .00,-1.3e-5 14.29,-0.02 23.81,-0.71 1.32,-0.15 4.22,-0.17 6.81,-2.89 2.03,-2.07 2.70,-6.77 2.70,-6.77 0,0 .67,-5.52 .67,-11.04 l 0,-5.17 c 0,-5.52 -0.67,-11.04 -0.67,-11.04 0,0 -0.66,-4.70 -2.70,-6.77 C 62.03,.86 59.13,.84 57.80,.69 48.28,0 34.00,0 34.00,0 33.97,0 19.69,0 10.18,.69 8.85,.84 5.95,.86 3.36,3.58 1.32,5.65 .66,10.35 .66,10.35 c 0,0 -0.55,4.50 -0.66,9.45 l 0,8.36 c .10,4.94 .66,9.45 .66,9.45 z\"><\/path>\n\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"m 26.96,13.67 18.37,9.62 -18.37,9.55 -0.00,-19.17 z\" ><\/path>\n\t<path fill=\"#ccc\" d=\"M 45.02,23.46 45.32,23.28 26.96,13.67 43.32,24.34 45.02,23.46 z\" ><\/path>\n<\/svg>\n\n<\/button>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"http:\\\/\\\/schema.org\\\/\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/fractory.com\\\/knurling-explained\\\/#arve-youtube-eespbxvumoe\",\"type\":\"VideoObject\",\"embedURL\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/embed\\\/EEspbXVuMOE?start=245&feature=oembed&iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&rel=0&autohide=1&playsinline=0&autoplay=1&enablejsapi=1\",\"name\":\"Knurling on a CNC Lathe\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i.ytimg.com\\\/vi_webp\\\/EEspbXVuMOE\\\/hqdefault.webp\",\"uploadDate\":\"20221005T000000+0100\",\"author\":\"my mechanics insights\",\"duration\":\"6M28S\",\"description\":\"A shaft being knurled from two sides\"}<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>The process of creating a knurled pattern on the surface material is done by using knurling wheels or dies. These tools are pressed onto the workpiece, subjecting it to deformation to create intricate designs.<\/p>\n<p>Some parameters to keep in mind before starting the process are pitch, angle, hole diameter (internal knurling), knurl and blank diameter, face width, and grade (teeth per inch).<\/p>\n<p>The knurling process is carried out in two ways &#8211; either by hand or through a machine.<\/p>\n<h3>Hand Knurling<\/h3>\n<p>Hand tools are pressed against the workpiece in order to deform the metal and create specific patterns. A small roller tool is used to create these indentations on the workpiece. These tools come in different patterns and designs depending on their application.<\/p>\n<p>Hand knurling is a great option for smaller projects as it is more economical to have a knurling tool than a lathe machine. An example of this is knurling a small metal pin to bite into the diameter of a plastic molding as it requires low precision.<\/p>\n<h3>Machine Knurling<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-21920\" src=\"https:\/\/fractory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/two-wheeled-knurling-tool.jpg\" alt=\"knurling on a lathe\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fractory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/two-wheeled-knurling-tool.jpg 800w, https:\/\/fractory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/two-wheeled-knurling-tool-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/fractory.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/two-wheeled-knurling-tool-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Lathe machines made it possible to improve the process of knurling, <a href=\"https:\/\/fractory.com\/cnc-turning-service\/\">CNC controlled turning<\/a> machines have taken this precision and level of control even further.<\/p>\n<p>The workpiece is clamped onto the lathe and a cutter or knurling wheel is pressed onto its surface. By manipulating the machine feed and RPMs, patterns with various dimensions can be created. The tool chips away material as the workpiece rotates along the lathe, creating a rough pattern. This method is faster and more precise than hand knurling, especially for repetitive projects.<\/p>\n<p>It is essential to have the workpiece at the center of the lathe in order to have a precise output. This method, however, generates a lot of heat from the constant revolution of the workpiece as its surface makes contact with the roller. Oil or other lubricants are used to prevent the workpieces from flaking, <a href=\"https:\/\/fractory.com\/galling-explained\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">galling<\/a>, and sticking (accidental <a href=\"https:\/\/fractory.com\/types-of-welding-processes\/\">welding<\/a>) to the knurling tool.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/RhqJnavLtWo\">Milling machines can be used for knurling<\/a> but the machines are basically programmed to act like lathes with the aid of <a href=\"https:\/\/fractory.com\/what-is-computer-aided-manufacturing-cam\/\">Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)<\/a> software. However, milling machines are suitable for creating patterns on flat surfaces.<\/p>\n<h2>Wrapping it Up<\/h2>\n<p>Knurling continues to evolve along with technological innovation as it is equipped with better processes and machines. A great example of its development is the exploration of knurling and nanotechnology which results in unparalleled precision and efficiency.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Knurling is a post-finishing process wherein a textured pattern is created on the surface of a workpiece. Early knurling processes were performed by hand, but the introduction of turning and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":21913,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6490],"tags":[],"yst_prominent_words":[130,257,346,439,676,1963,5438],"class_list":["post-21912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fabrication-methods"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fractory.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21912","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fractory.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fractory.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fractory.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fractory.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21912"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/fractory.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21912\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22651,"href":"https:\/\/fractory.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21912\/revisions\/22651"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fractory.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21913"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fractory.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21912"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fractory.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21912"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fractory.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21912"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fractory.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=21912"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}