{"id":22217,"date":"2023-11-07T18:14:45","date_gmt":"2023-11-07T16:14:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fractory.com\/?p=22217"},"modified":"2024-01-26T12:59:06","modified_gmt":"2024-01-26T10:59:06","slug":"black-oxide-coating-explained","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fractory.com\/black-oxide-coating-explained\/","title":{"rendered":"Black Oxide Coating – How It Works, Benefits & Types"},"content":{"rendered":"
Black Oxide coating is a type of chemical conversion coating mainly for ferrous metals but the process is adapted for stainless steel, copper, aluminium and zinc. Conversion coatings are different from conventional coatings, such as powder coating<\/a> or electroplating, as they do not add or remove any metal from the substrate.<\/p>\n Instead, black oxide finish converts the surface layer of a part into one that boasts a great appearance, exhibits greater corrosion resistance and is non-reflective. The process is also often referred to as blackening, black passivating<\/a>, oxidising and gun bluing<\/a>.<\/p>\n Generally, black oxide or black iron oxide refers to the oxide of iron known as magnetite (Fe3O4) that is formed when a ferrous metal is exposed to special oxidising chemicals. It is a type of conversion coating, thus the surface layer of a metal is formed into its oxide through conversion. The layer thickness on a finished part is between one and two micrometres.<\/p>\n The thin layer or coating along the part’s surface provides advantages such as greater corrosion protection, an attractive look and a smooth finish<\/a>. As a result, many applications such as automotive parts use the black oxide coating process.<\/p>\n The blacking process works for some non-ferrous metals, such as zinc and copper, as well.<\/p>\n Black oxide coatings are used to increase corrosion and wear resistance while complying with high tolerance requirements<\/a>. One of the advantages this process offers is the minimal buildup which means that the overall dimensions of the part only increase by a miniscule amount.<\/p>\n It is used on parts that require a certain degree of abrasion resistance as the black oxide does not wear away as easily as some other finishes. Black oxide parts are often used in the automotive and aerospace sectors in addition to being used in producing hand tools and other hardware. It is used to coat fasteners<\/a> as black oxide finish improves their grip and corrosion protection while making them aesthetically pleasing.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n The black oxide coating or blackening process is a chemical reaction in which the outer surface of a metal reacts to chemical solutions and therefore undergoes transformation.<\/p>\n The process is divided into three main types:<\/p>\n Hot black oxide process<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Mid-temperature black oxide process<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Cold black oxide process<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n The hot black oxide coating process takes place at an elevated temperature of 141 \u00b0C (286 \u00b0F) and converts the surface of the ferrous material into magnetite (Fe3O4). Magnetite by nature is a black, opaque and magnetic material<\/a> and thus, the surface turns black.<\/p>\n The entire process consists of seven steps::<\/p>\n Surface cleaning<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Rinsing<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Acid pickling<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Rinsing<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Black oxide chemical bath<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Rinsing<\/p>\n<\/li>\n Sealing<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n Cleaning the surface is the first step. A suitable alkaline detergent ensures the removal of contaminants such as grease, dirt, dust, rust, scales, fats, oils and even microorganisms. The alkaline solutions also do not stick to the surface and rinse off with ease.<\/p>\n A simple water bath is used to rinse the detergent. With the detergent, the emulsion of all the contaminants such as soil deposits also leaves the surface.<\/p>\n Acid pickling<\/a> is used to remove oxide films and rust stains. Technicians may skip this step if the part does not have the above-mentioned issues.<\/p>\n The part is rinsed again to remove the residues of acid from the previous step.<\/p>\n The parts are then dipped into a hot bath that contains specific salts of sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), nitrates and nitrites. These blackening compounds convert the top layer of the part into magnetite Fe3O4.<\/p>\n Ion chloride solution (FeCl3) can also be used as the blackening compound. A 50% black oxide solution is generally sufficient.<\/p>\n The extent of blackening depends on the dipping duration. The blackening is quick at first but deeper shades require progressively longer times.<\/p>\n After achieving the desired shade, the parts are removed from the bath and rinsed once again to remove any compound residues.\u00a0<\/p>\n This is an additional step that ensures greater corrosion resistance. The part is exposed to a sealant such as oil that fills the pores in the black oxide surface and seals it by \u2018sinking\u2019 into it. The oil film also gives a glossy appearance to the part. A matte finish is achieved by replacing oil with clear wax. The sealant takes a while to dry completely.<\/p>\n Upon completion, the metal part will have an attractive black finish. Bearings<\/a> are frequently blackened using this process.<\/p>\nWhat Is Black Oxide?<\/strong><\/h2>\n
When Is Black Oxide Coating Used?<\/strong><\/h2>\n
How Does the Black Oxide Coating Process Work<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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Hot black oxide process<\/h3>\n
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Surface cleaning<\/h4>\n
Rinsing<\/h4>\n
Acid pickling<\/h4>\n
Rinsing<\/h4>\n
Black oxide chemical bath<\/h4>\n
Rinsing<\/h4>\n
Sealing<\/h4>\n